Glaucoma: What You Need to Know

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, most often tied to higher pressure inside the eye. It usually builds slowly and quietly, stealing side vision first. That’s why many people don’t notice it until vision loss is serious. The good news: with early detection and the right care you can slow or stop the damage.

Spotting Glaucoma: Signs and Risk Factors

Early glaucoma often has no pain. Key warnings to watch for are a shrinking field of vision (things off to the side disappear), blurred vision in one eye, or trouble seeing in low light. Sudden severe eye pain, nausea, or a red eye with blurred vision can mean an acute emergency—get to urgent care fast.

Risk factors make glaucoma more likely. Age over 60, a family history of glaucoma, African or Hispanic ancestry, long-term steroid use, high eye pressure, thin corneas, and certain health problems like diabetes raise your risk. If any apply to you, mention them at your next eye visit.

Tests, Treatments, and Everyday Steps

Your eye doctor can run simple tests: a tonometry test to measure eye pressure, an optic nerve exam, and visual field testing to map side vision. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) gives a detailed look at the nerve and retina layers. These tests help catch damage early and track changes over time.

Treatment aims to lower eye pressure. Most people start with medicated eye drops. If drops don’t work or aren’t tolerated, laser procedures like trabeculoplasty can help. Surgery is another option for more advanced or stubborn cases. Each option has trade-offs—talk with your eye doctor about what fits your health and lifestyle.

Small daily habits help too. Take prescribed drops exactly as instructed—missed doses reduce protection. Avoid heavy lifting or straining if advised, and control blood sugar and blood pressure if you have diabetes or hypertension. Regular exercise can help, but ask your doctor what’s safe for you.

If you have a family history or belong to a higher-risk group, get regular eye exams that include pressure checks and visual field tests. For most adults over 40, aim for a full eye exam every 1–2 years; your doctor may recommend more frequent checks if your risk is higher.

Don’t wait for vision to change before you act. Early diagnosis gives you options to keep your sight. If you notice vision problems, sudden eye pain, or severe headaches with visual changes, contact an eye care professional right away.

Want more details on tests, surgery types, or living with glaucoma day-to-day? Browse our articles or ask your eye doctor for clear, practical advice tailored to your situation.